BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

When an individual or a group of individuals from one culture adopt practices from another one, retaining their own cultural norms in the way, it is called cultural integration. In short, we may say that the blending together of two or more cultures is known as cultural integration. The important fact to underline here is- the process of integration is only possible actually, when a particular cultural group does not sacrifice its own values that make them unique and characterize them; rather it is an intermixing. For example, ideas, beliefs, practices, rituals, food, art, literature, language, etc. Cultural integration is actually very positive and beneficial as all those involved retain their identity and bodes well for a 21^st century society as a whole. It is actually a dynamic process globally and doesn’t actually stop ever as it is constantly evolving, although at multifaceted levels in the society. Adaptation and acceptability are the key elements of cultural integration. We see these forms of cultural integration in our domestic, day-to-day lives as well. For instance, in marriages, between different communities, religions, races, etc. we notice these trends. It actually leads to more tolerance levels in the society and eventually to social acceptability. In the Indian context, this acts as strength as well as a weakness. Unity in diversity is actually our motto of India as it is the most diversified and varied country in the world in terms of religion, languages, food, art, literature, race, etc. It is up to us, as a society, how we take this forward as there has been a growing divide amongst communities, of late. But then, the cultural acceptability in India is unparalleled elsewhere in the world.

Well, if we look around, pollution is quite a norm at the moment because of the high AQI levels. But when we talk of pollution in the context of culture, rather than the environment, we will actually be talking of something more toxic and long-lasting. After all, a wind of change in the environment might do some good to the AQI levels, but once it gets ingrained in the society, no amount of air can undo it then. Cultural pollution weakens the culture of a society and robs it of its freedom and identity. Take the case of India; the country that indeed for no doubt whatsoever has the best traditions and culture in the world, since centuries. But what is the sad reality today? It is the result of cultural pollution. The aping of the West has done more harm than good- perverting young minds, looking down upon indigenous and Indian culture as ‘old and boring’, to name a few. The ‘coolness’ of this generation with the Western culture has pushed our age-old cultural environment to a disastrous position, where we ourselves question our beliefs and values. There’s actually nothing ‘wrong’ with the Western culture, but the question is to what extent! These Netflix and Amazon Prime shows, for example, a pattern of the West to ‘expand their influence’ have actually polluted the environment of young Indian minds. The exposure level at a young age leads to more issues without proper addressal. This is also one of the reasons for the rise of violence against women- the misrepresentation, since what might fight the Western world would not necessarily do to an Indian one. But then, the norms that one has to adhere to nowadays have left the youth with little choice, other than to follow the herd. There needs to be a system of checks and balances and legislation that censors the ‘so-called freedoms and rights’ that are used mindlessly. Cultural pollution is getting deeper and more stagnant and it is now or never for us to start making paradigm changes, until it is too late to realize that even a mask and hundred other Western solutions won’t heed the cultural pollution levels. We have come to such an extent where even if one talks about our rich culture or praises it, it’s termed as ‘saffronisation’ and quickly we come to conclusions, based on narrow political leanings. It’s time to widen the perspectives and look at the larger good. After all, along with ourselves and our family, the nation and culture are identification tags that one should feel proud of, no matter what; it doesn’t really pervade or encroach one’s beliefs or rights either. Hindi and other regional languages that form a fair share in the world and are so sought after abroad, are rather unfortunately looked down upon, and the speakers ‘judged’. We have gone on to ape not just the culture, but also the slangs that seem quite ‘fake’ in Indian society. Simply put, anything that’s Indian, whether culture or customs, that is re-packaged in the West and given to us seems much more appealing and one to brag about. These mental health ‘stigmas’ and stressors have also been ‘imported’ if one really goes down to the depth. Even the eating habits, for example- the frozen, processed, sugary food items actually are nothing but a fad. Indian culture talks about making fresh food rather than this way. Take the instance of washrooms as well- the ‘Indian styled’ one actually is scientifically much more hygienic and clean, devoid of accumulation of bacteria as opposed to the Western-styled ones. We have innumerable examples in and around us that show how much we’ve thrown ourselves under the Western belt. It’s time to stand, be proud of one’s Indian-ness and let the world know what we truly are. It’s time for us now to let the world know and expand our influence.

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

We often read and see opinions, facts, researches, articles, etc. in various mediums about extreme opinions in extreme, meaning either ‘this way’ or ‘that way’. To make it relatable, take the example of an article on dietary regimes. Some might cite and say – vegan is the best regime, while some might argue according to new findings that keto diet works the best. While we need to thank the information overload available nowadays that stuffs us with TMI (too much information), it is up to us whether we take it or not, or in what way we consume. Another example is drinking water. Since childhood and times immemorial, we’ve been taught to drink ample water because of all the good reasons. But now the other day, what I read was astonishing. A research of maybe, a reputed set-up claimed that drinking water beyond a few glasses a day, the conventional method, can actually be dangerous. This seems quite far-fetched in spite of all the research and validity since our forefathers and all the generations before didn’t have these ‘chonchlas’ to deal with before. Life was simple. And so should it be now. In the face of an era where social media actually makes people distant from each other than close, the case is the same for this as well- too much information actually intercepts with our conscience, it’s that ‘make-believe’ culture, which actually makes it look true but in reality isn’t. The secret to a good life is one that is fulfilling and provides one satisfaction, most importantly for one’s own self. Everything needs to be in moderation, because that’s the law of nature actually. Moreover, as far as these fads, in particular are concerned, everything needs to be accepted in the way it works for an individual’s body. Even things that are considered really great, such as doing certain yogic exercises or eating herbs that bring benefits to the body, one must know where to draw the boundary. If it works for oneself, one should go ahead with it according to individual liking and comfort- should be the mantra. Life for an individual nowadays, has become like a person standing at a crowded marketplace- shopkeepers (read too much information on mediums) persuading the person to buy things (read consume every other content available). Of course, one can’t buy all of the stuff from the shops, and in the same way, neither should we consume whatever comes our way. In times such as now, it’s critical to strike a balance between things, whether it’s anything in life. That’s the secret to a happy life. At times like in which we are currently living, opinions and perspectives mostly oscillate at the extremes and finding a middle ground has become a rarity. More often than not, at important discussions, I try to understand both sides of the ground because we need to understand in our lives that although the other person may not conform to what we say, that doesn’t mean they’re ‘wrong’, rather replace the word with ‘they are different’. When we live in a society, that too a diverse one like India, we need to understand and accommodate, rather than jump to conclusions and make our monopoly; the world is in dire need of the former currently. Everyday conversations revolve mostly around arguments whereas the basic tenants should be understanding, empathy, consideration; and listening not just hearing. Finding a middle ground actually helps a person widen his or her perspective and become a more open-minded person as a result. The two opposite sides of the predicament or ideology are full of hostility, anger, rage, hate, and all the negative emotions associated one could think of. On the other hand, think how liberating this experience of standing on a middle ground is- you get to know and hear both sides, you are more accepted and valued, you gain knowledge and free yourself of all the negativity. Rather, you become more observant, calm, accommodating, and everything a righteous and virtuous human should possess. The reality is, no matter how hard you try and persuade the other person towards accepting your perspective or opinion, the person will only do what he feels is correct. Everyone has a sphere of rights around them that nobody can pervade, and must be respected as an individual choice of matter. We should let opinions be just opinions and not exaggerate them into heated debates or prejudices. As a result, and over a period of time believing in this formula personally, I can claim that it has led to making me a more matured person, who responds rather than reacts, listens rather than hears and understands rather than debates. It has led to better handling of relationships, a positive mental well-being and renewed energy and interest. Let’s take a pledge today to incorporate this in our lives and begin to see a change; personally, would be glad to find an article or two over a period of time here reflecting the same. Let’s take care of ourselves, make ourselves heard yet understand what our co-social animals have to say.

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

In yet another realm, it is India that pioneers the world climate action plan. Setting precedents since time immemorial being amongst historically the oldest countries, India has forced countries like US, China, the historical emitters to flip towards switching in favor of bolder emission reduction avenue. Being an already low emitter, India not only aims to walk the talk but run on it as it aims to achieve Net Zero emissions by 2070 along with reducing the carbon intensity of its economy by a whopping 45% by the year 2030. India will also, that too by 50% meet its energy requirements by 2030 from renewable energy, of which it leads the world currently. It has just about added a diminutive 4% of greenhouse gases from 1870 until 2019, going by statistics. With India about to become world’s most populated country, and being the world’s fastest growing GDP, one might think it’s obvious that the carbon emissions would be magnanimous with the amount of industrial activity and subsequent carbon emissions, but India’s scale of emissions are amongst the lowest in the world. Clearly, India has set precedents that the world now needs to follow rather than vice-versa. Being a traditional coal-dependent country, India aims to use renewable sources such as hydel, wind, nuclear, solar, etc. to reduce the CO2 footprint in pursuit of carbon action. A reduction of carbon emissions by 1 billion tones challenges the world in a substantial way, set by India. The deadly second wave of the coronavirus pandemic significantly reduced the resilience of climate change vulnerable masses. It invested a whopping USD 3 billion in battery development, solar and other renewable energies, making it one of the highest spenders in the world on climate action-induced activities. India also provides subsidies for renewable sources of energy, thereby substantiating and encouraging its use. The targets to be met by India in the lead-up to the 2030 agenda would be overachieved, infact. At the historic and path-breaking World Leaders Summit at COP26 in Glasgow in 2020, Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi pledged a net zero target on India’s behalf, reiterating the Asian giant’s firm commitment on climate action. Carbon intensity reduction by 45%, reducing carbon emissions by 1 billion tons, getting 90% energy from renewables are steps in the correct direction.

To give the international community a firm example of India’s climate goals and commitments, the country at the 2015 Paris Climate Summit, had promised that 40% of its power capacities would be met by non-fossils resources by 2030. But India achieved it a staggering nine years earlier than its deadline, in 2021 itself. Apart from centering our achievements on India, we should also remember that India currently is the third largest carbon emitter of the world and is already susceptible to natural climate-based disasters. What we need to see is the larger picture; perhaps how India as a force in Asia and subcontinent could become a role model and influence its neighbors to follow suit. India has a unique set of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to its name that is updated every five years to look after the emissions and climatic impacts. One of the only countries in the world to adhere by its NDCs, India needs to be cautious because of the booming economic activity that’s going to have a big say in it becoming the word’s next superpower in the coming years. At the grass root levels as well, India has been ramping up green infrastructure, renewable energy resources, and climate mitigation plans. The plans seem perfectly in place and odds favor too, but it remains to be seen how India would cope with the commitments, being one of the top polluted countries and disaster-prone. But it has firmly shown itself and others that it can be done, as in the past through actions. India’s forest cover has only risen and that gives hope to keep the carbon levels in check. Investing in greenery and nature-based resources is highly critical to safeguard communities too. Development of ecosystems, developing wetlands, forests, mangroves, etc. can certainly help in this endeavor. We all know by now how significant can investing in climate action turn out to be, and how essential it actually is for a country’s population to survive and thrive. With India home to  mega global cities such as Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, etc., it must look at ways by which it can not only become a world superpower diplomatically but also an environmental one. India aims to install a mighty 175 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2022, of which a 90 GW has already been achieved by 2021. What works in India’s favor is also the fact that the country enjoys one of the lowest solar tariffs around the world, as low as Rupees 2.36/kWh and also thermal capacity. The Central Government’s ambitious FAME-II scheme, touted to be of $1.4 billion is a giant leap towards electric vehicles. India is also leading efforts in the international space with the International Solar Alliance (ISA), Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, etc. that form a great foundation in achieving the ends. An ‘Apex Committee for Implementation of Paris Agreement (AIPA)’ was recently created by India to enhance the coordination among 14 ministries to engage the national and international stakeholders on the Paris Agreement. Renewable electricity is growing in India at a faster rate than any other major economy of the world, with new additions. Moreover, India is one of the world’s largest producers of modern bioenergy and has already big ambitions, and is also on the verge of being one of the world’s largest ethanol market, a clean energy fuel. The international community has a lot of expectations from India, not only because of being a key player in world diplomacy but also because of its huge impacts, both positive and negative alike. With a magnanimous 1.3 billion people in the country, India’s climate adaptation ambitions are transformational and detrimental for the entire planet, not just India. Achieving net zero is not just limited to reducing CO2 emissions, but also benefit its citizens, and provide security and sustainability

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

In the face of stiff competition over the years from television, and print media, radio has stood the test of time and still has kept its stronghold over the people. The 1995 Supreme Court judgement which declared airwaves as public property to be used to advance public good was historical and unprecedented in setting the foot tight for community radio and mass coverage’s across the country. Radio is set apart from other means of mass communication in the fact that it has been able to cater to the requirements of that particular section of the society that has been secluded or left isolated, namely the rural population. The conflict of vernacular communication, vis-à-vis the language radio communication has stood undeterred and it continues enjoying popularity among the rural habitats because of the same very aforementioned fact. It has helped bind India since the time of the Independence, expressing the national mainstream interests for the whole nation, in totality and bring in that sense of patriotism and nationalism. It has also justified the “Right to Freedom and Expression” in a phenomenal demonstrative way for rural India, thereby giving impetus to the soul of the country; the issues, matters and people that are unheard and unknown of, in the country. What radio has done to rural India is second to none, in the simple fact that although other forms of communication have evolved and grown in repute over the years, but radio has always emerged as a trustworthy and reliable alternative and continues to do so, primarily for the rural population. It has made sure to serve the interest of that section of the society that receives little attention, other than the urban landscapes and wealthy media houses, catching only the glitz and glamour associated with daily life. With varied programs aligned in conformity with the rural population, subjects such as agriculture, the main occupation of the rural India has been touched upon. It has widely received positive responses and continues getting the backing of the governments holding the offices since Independence times. In the far-away dusty villages and hamlets, it is radio that has been able to give the much needed attention to the ethnic and vernacular languages of India, which are soon disappearing. Radio for rural population is much wider in its purview than it has been thought of, like just being limited to local news. The soul of India rests in the villages is a given fact. With agriculture still the main occupation in India, these programs of radio enjoy a long prime time and acceptability. It remains to be seen, however, in what way the successive governments would use it to bring out the best in terms of social, economic and moral development other than party politics propaganda. There are umpteen more ways by which education and many other social aspects can be reached to the rural population through the radio. Major components in today’s life such as education, sanitation, healthcare, vaccinations, opportunities, etc. are required to reach the population in a more simplified and quicker manner, although this model has been quite successful until now as well. More than just the promotion of government policies, the radio needs to be used mindfully. Again, not to garner votes and make fake promises (as all the politicians think taking the rural population for granted is quite easy), but to educate them about social and legal justice, equality and also about what’s going around in the world. Logistically speaking, there are some parts of India that still remain isolated and where there are very less chances of having televisions and newspapers. This is where the radio can come in handy and play a vital role, like it has this time around, about vaccine education and Covid updates. Job creations, skill development, are just some themes that need to be tapped into, as the manpower and skills that the rural population can serve are still unknown and untapped; it’s got gigantic potential that just requires being unearthed. Only radio can do this. The urban radio station, interviewing superstars and celebrities, talking of zucchini and broccoli recipes would matter little to the rural population. Therefore, customized radio stations must be run, that look into the interests of that population that they’re catering to. For example, in the far-flung villages of the North East, that remain completely isolated from mainland India, it is radio that gives them the identity of being “an Indian”, of being related to this great land of ours, to get information about all the happenings- domestically and internationally. Not to forget, increasing the scope of radio will also help in increasing employment rates for itself, as more people would like to get into this field as well and engage. Some models, such as ones where the rural people themselves report news of their importance and dispense it amongst themselves would help make it localized, independent and self-explanatory. This model is already up and running in Medak district, where three women from the local community run the radio stations, who were laborers before since twenty years.  Moreover, there needs to be adequate efforts from both- the Central and State governments to propagate radio as a means, that has great power to influence the rural population of India. There needs to be a centralized system of checks and balances that realizes the scope and engages at the grass-root level to make sure selfish interest aren’t fulfilled  between the main objectives that it aims to deliver at the grass-root levels. The requirement to integrate and attach rural India to the national mainstream can only happen through this means of communication. We have all seen how television, newspaper and all other means of mass media have grown manifold over the years and taken the society by storm, leaving little space for a conventional medium such as radio. But then, radio did survive, and ask why? It’s because of this same rural population- that has kept it up and running and statistics also suggest how it is touted to grow in the coming years, if applied in the right direction. India’s history is also a testament to the fact how radio even helped India during the freedom struggle against the British. Radio and rural people are almost synonym terms for obvious reasons, this. The timely updates and encouragement to get involved in the freedom struggle are well-known, that ultimately struck the chord with the rural populace since then. Right from Mahatama Gandhi’s speeches advocating ‘satyagraha’ to Nehru and Bose invoking the spirit of patriotism in every Indian’s heart, radio forms naturally, a center-stage in every Indians’ heart. Even today, while driving down or while the internet data goes away, after all the heartbroken youth looks up to radio to get the adrenaline (or serotonin) rush going! After all, before the ‘idiot-box’ made its debut in India, it was radio who used to be the mass entertainer, as for generations people used to come along together, in villages and home alike, to sit and have a good time listening non-remixed, original songs over an “organic” cup of tea.

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

An enigma by itself, perched at the cross-roads of the erstwhile famed Silk Road and currently at the tri-junction of India, Pakistan and China, sits this serene and calm hamlet of Turtuk. A part of Pakistan until 1971, Turtuk is the last village on the Indian side at the Line of Control with the Pakistan-occupied side at the other half, being just the only village in India populated by the Balti people. For me, this place forms the epicenter of robust history, culture, and most importantly change of nationalities and empires. Liberated in the 1971 war by Major Chewang Rinchen and others from the Indian Army from the Pakistan-administered Kashmir, it is actually a gateway to the Karakoram Range. A number of families initially served in the Pakistani army as it was under the occupation of Pakistan, but then after the Indian Army took over amid suspicion, the Indian forces didn’t disappoint and made the adequate arrangements of tourism, basic health and education amenities, opportunities for the youth, etc. under various government schemes that paid off to build the trust of the population, which is very happy today being on the Indian side. But the sandwiched land also meant that because of the change in country demographics, many families lost their loved ones on either side that led to a lot of sorrow. Mohammad, a resident of the village, reckons that it took him 46 long years to cross just 2.5 kilometers on the other side of the LoC to meet his parents. Although the Indian army managed to get him adequate documents and arrangements, many like Mohammad have been forced to live without their families, a painful conundrum. Today, a peaceful and bright Turtuk boasts of a beautiful amalgamation of Buddhist and Islamic cultures, with hymns emanating from Buddhist monasteries (Ladakh region being Buddhist majority) and praises of Allah being heard alike, as Islam later arrived through the famed Iranian poet Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, with Turtuk also having endured Central Asian (Turkestan) rule in the past as well. The mosque of Turtuk exhibits this same Indian trend of diversity as it hosts a coming together of Iranian designs, Buddhist patterns and Swastikas. The locals and the village alike, just go on to show the difference between the two sides of the same village, perhaps reflecting the nationality in terms of development and diversity, which is celebrated and enjoyed admirably on the Indian side. Balti (an amalgamation of Tibetan with Persian), Urdu and Ladakhi are the main languages spoken in the village. The river Shyok, which in Balti means ‘the river of death’, is the lifeline of Turtuk and passes through it. It is one of the main gateways geographically to the Siachen Glacier and a critical junction for the Indian Armed Forces upfront for the security of the nation. What one can look for in Turtuk is an amazing collection of varied fruits, especially apricots, which are to die for literally, being of that good quality. At such an extreme and isolated place, almost cut off from the world, but divided by an imaginary demographic line between two historically hostile neighbors, Turtuk on the contrary has some of the world’s most pleasant and quiet homestays, tucked within the lap of nature, almost essentially in snow 24*7, round the year. It is about 200 kilometers from Leh and shall be visited during the same period (June-September). The rugged and barren terrain is nowhere else to be found than the Ladakh region and the drive is an adventure in itself. Crossing the highest motorable road in the world (Khardung-La Pass) is an arduous yet exciting challenge and what awaits you are some enchanting sights, humongous peaks encapsulating the panoramas, and loads and loads of snow. That’s not it; Turtuk and its closeby places such as the Nubra Valley have a lot to offer to tourists as well, apart from all the glistening facts and history. A visit there is incomplete without visiting the Diskit Monastery/Gompa that overlooks the snow-clad-cum-barren mountains at the mouth of Shyok. The huge statue of Buddha is the most beautiful one I’ve ever seen (yes, even more than South East Asia). Hunder Valley, close to Turtuk, boasts of being India’s and Asia’s one of the only cold deserts with white sand dunes and double-humped Bactrian camels, just like Central Asia. The vast swathes of white sand against tall barren mountains with clear blue sky make one feel as small as in the realm of life and nature. The views of Mount Kanchenjunga or K2, the second highest peak of the world can be viewed from there. One can also plan a trip to Pangong Lake, the Indo-China border with clear blue waters that mesmerize. Turtuk also houses some warm and loving people and everyone who visits the hamlet can’t help but fall in love with the place and people alike. On the way back, there are a number of Indian Army garrisons and Gurudwara if need be required of any citizen. That’s the charm of this place. Would get back to this space if I get to visit the other half of Turtuk in Pakistan soon!

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

Formed on 15th March 2006, the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHCR) was formed to protect and safeguard the human rights of all global citizens and address the issues related to them. On an aggregate, every five days a journalist is killed for dispensing information to the masses. The most common forms of attack include illegal arrests, arbitrary detentions, murder, harassment, intimidations, and abductions, to name a few. The objectives of this very arm of the United Nations, which includes sustainable development, peace, and security, are defeated by such extreme measures. Not just UNHRC, but various other arms of the UN such as UNDP, UNESCO, etc. work towards this common endeavor to ensure safety of the journalists. UN supports the freedom of free press on all media platforms and highly works towards safeguarding the journalists and combat impunity. These unfortunate and extremist incidents affect the freedom of the press, deprives the masses of the correct and credible information and also perpetuates cycles of violence and instigates fear within communities. The World Press Freedom Index ranks 180 countries every year on parameters such as transparency, media independence, violence against journalists, etc. The latest results of the survey proved that journalism is “seriously under threat” in almost three quarters of all countries around the world. Only twelve countries reported “respectable press-freedom environments”, the lowest number since 2013, according to the statistics of the report.
There are a number of reported killings of journalists from war-torn parts of the world, such as Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, etc. because of obvious reasons of covering up and fabricating news according to their ideologies and will, filled with organized crimes and authoritarian regimes. It is not just limited in the general purview or context. Women reporters face a number of hurdles as well, specifically. There have been a number of reports of women journalists being harassed online or getting threats, and even being abused and intimidated for physical violence for their work, which simply is conveying the truth in the form of news reports and information to the people. Legally speaking, article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrines the safety of journalists and the struggle against impunity for their killers, which are necessary to preserve the fundamental right to freedom of expression. Where there is freedom of expression of the media, a lot of objectives are already fulfilled in the process, such as justice to human rights, a transparent democratic government, gender equality, an egalitarian society, poverty reduction, education, sustainability, to name a few. With the curtailment of this freedom, a society cannot move ahead and its citizenry cannot become active and vigilant. It leads to a passive, uninformed, misguided and fake society that ultimately decays into stagnancy.
Rather than action after the issues crop up, preventive measures should be taken beforehand to make sure that such incidents do not occur. Legislations need to be made more stringent globally, perhaps being guided uniformly by the United Nations, to make sure every country is on the same page and there is no infringement and curtailment of rights of the journalists, especially women. The strength of a nation, as well as the UN actually depends upon building a free, transparent, and independent media. Nowadays, we are certainly seeing how the voices of the Uyghurs in China are being suppressed as well as how China runs a state-run Communist media, that just reports according to the free will of those in power. Whereas on the other hand, we see countries such as Afghanistan and Yemen face huge humanitarian losses, still the media hasn’t been given free will to operate and educate the citizens based on facts. Numerous other countries distort information according to the conformity with their ideologies and perspectives to feed people’s consciousness, which is ethically wrong in the name of media and journalism. The killings, intimidations and threats make the situation worse. The ‘UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity’ is in actuality, the first concerted effort by the UN to make it brings into account a concerted effort in order to safeguard the rights and freedoms of the journalists and media persons. It also is in tune with the UN’s Agenda 2030, which works towards sustainability and is thus, comprehensive and inclusive in nature. There have been various action plans undertaken by the United Nations in the recent past to tackle this menace and give the adequate rights and freedoms necessary in the twenty-first century.

By: Pratham Golcha

Perched into the South-Western coast of India, in the region fondly called ‘Konkan’ in India, Goa is one of the most touristy destination visited in India and even globally, drawing tens of thousands of tourists every year. It is by size, the smallest of all the states in India, bordered by Maharashtra and Karnataka, on the Western Ghats/Coast. A part of the Portuguese, also made the capital of the ‘Estado da India’ for a good number of decades, Goa seems predominantly more of Portugal than India! Panaji, or Panjim, is the Captial of the state, with Vasco da Gama being its largest city. Konkani is the locally spoken language of Goa, and the state has been divided into South as well as North Goa. Goa is primarily famous for its pristine beaches, kokum, baked goodies, cashews, etc.

We reached at Goa airport via Mumbai, from Nagpur and then embarked on a journey to a faraway resort amongst the beaches, away from the hustle and bustle. We spent the entire evening at the beach close-by and the typical Goan shopping, for which we had to walk a few kilometers. The baked goodies of Goa, like tarts and breads are a must-try, remnants of the rich erstwhile Portuguese heritage. The tourism mostly in Goa is divided into North and South Goa. There are certain beaches that are famous amongst foreigners, whereas some that Indians throng. We were actually there during the day of Holi in Goa. It was surreal to see the Russians, Italians, and other nationalities celebrating with colors with the same zeal and zest. We did a couple of water-sports activities on the Colva and Palolem beach, which was quite exciting. Isn’t it amazing to find starfishes, shells and artifacts alike on most of the beaches? Goa offers some splendid places for discovery away from the conventional tourist spots. Baga and Calangute beach, though popular amongst the tourists, are inescapable; the most famous ones indeed. Next, we visited the ever-famous, “Basilica De Bom Jesus”, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999. Inside one can find the body of the Saint in a casket that drives one down memory line with laced antiques and cliché Corinthian architecture. The Dudhsagar Falls, one of India’s tallest waterfalls in Goa is quite accessible and is a scenic location to visit. Nestled in the middle of a flurry of hills and canyons is this beauty that is also visible from trains on the Konkan route, and must not be missed as it’s a close enough drive. The very famous Anjuna beach houses a market, where people literally throng to pick up anything under the sun- from tattoos to tee shirts, spices to jewelry, it’s all up there. All these took up to two days to complete the bucket list.

The next locale to tick off in Goa, the ‘Church of our Lady of the Immaculate Conception’ is a historic one in Panaji, of revered significance in history. A tale of the early 17^th century, this church is one of the ‘Portuguese- Baroque’ architecture. The twinkling lights during the late evening and night make it a sight to behold like none other, and in the day, the starch white architecture laced with the zigzag staircases make it look nothing less than a scrumptious cake. The evening cruise at the Mandovi River is never the one to be missed.  A great way to party and fizz up the evening and dance to the Konkani and Portuguese tones, overlooking the Arabian Sea is a chance rarely anyone would like to miss. The next morning we set off for a speed boat ride in one of the upscale beaches of Goa, overlooking the hundreds of dolphins lining up the sea and towards the coast and the rocky islands in the middle of the sea. The experience is one to cherish for a lifetime as not every day does one get to overlook the enormous depth of the Arabian Sea dotted with dolphins, corals and mosses. The following afternoon we set off for the ever-famous and picturesque light-house of Goa, Fort Aguada, in North Goa, overlooking the sea ports and container decks from abroad. The archipelago is one very dear to Goa solely!

Close to the town of Molem, a 12^th– century Mahadev temple made of black basalt stands, having survived colonialists for long. The intricate carvings and location a bit away from the town makes for a perfect getaway. Outside the temple, one can enjoy the small hawkers selling the ever-famous Konkani ‘kokum sherbet’. A glass of kokum in the scorching heat has no other substitute in the world. Enroute the various places to visit, it’s more of the journey than the destination that counts. The beach-laden roads, filled with coconut trees both sides, the salty-heavy air engulfing one’s hair and lips, the beautiful amalgamation of Portuguese culture into the Indian territory and the extraordinary locales are to watch out for. There’s a lot still to be explored about Goa. The hidden temples and churches, spice farms, ancient homes, the Portuguese-Indian cuisine and the language are nowhere else to be seen in the world. The history and essence associated with Goa is unmatched and add to that the charm of the glistening waterfalls and rich flora and fauna, its important as any tourist to make sure the aspect the sustainability and one’s own duty towards the place.

By: Pratham Golcha

Right from the Mojave Desert in California to Karakorum Range (K2) in India, climate change is real, and will remain critical for the time to come. It has impacted millions across the world, disrupted economies and wreaked havoc globally. Most importantly, it is a well-known fact that climate change would definitely intensify in the succeeding years to come, and it is today’s young generation and children who would be the worst affected. It is noteworthy to mention that the decisions and policies made today in lieu of climate change will have a great outcome on this century and beyond. Numerous governments and organizations have pitched theories about climate change, but those have unfortunately, just been limited to words without any execution. We youngsters need to understand the urgency of this grave situation. Millions of children right from Auckland to Lima are walking out of their classrooms and marching on the streets, demanding answers from politicians and urgent, substantive action on climate change. What is currently working in the favor of young activists is the fact that they are social media savvy and have a way with it; they exactly know how to use it in the best way possible, taking advantage of the technological world. Last year in March alone, 1.6 million kids in 125 countries hit the streets to protest. That is where the great likes of Greta Thunberg, Autumn Peltier and Ridhima Pandey of India came into the picture. These are big and revered names today, when we talk about young climate activists and have brought about nothing less than a revolution globally. Lakhs of unsung heroes around the globe, apart from them have already swung in action too. According to global reports, we just have a decade left to stave off the climate change crisis. Another factor which is working for the young activists is their unity, notwithstanding borders and other divisive factors. Youth from all sorts of backgrounds have joined the bandwagon of reversing the ills of climate change through inclusivity and their outreach is impressive indeed. Legally speaking, every person under the age of 18 has the right to participate in the decision-making processes that impact them, under the ‘Convention on the Rights of the Child’. Various initiatives by the UN bodies such as UNICEF for holding offline and online competitions and platforms for the young generation have enabled the youth around the world to pitch their voices and offer insights on the issues that matter to them. Recently, an endeavor by UNICEF to give an opportunity to young activists to meet world leaders came in the form of the 2019 United Nations Youth Climate Summit in New York City. Various other initiatives by the United Nations, such as UN 75, also bats for inclusiveness of the youth to combat climate change to meet the challenge through global youth networking. A young mind also gives birth to young ideas, which are considered as vital and creative, in accordance with today’s context. The dissentful, disruptive and dutiful way of being in rebellion by the youth comes as a result of the feeling of exclusion by the youth in the crucial decision-making process. Youth dissent includes climate activism in political parties and through NGOs, which can be drawn through by building up on existing social norms to challenge unfair institutions and their belief systems in accordance to climate well-being. It is a known fact that children are more susceptible to adverse health impacts than adults, and indeed it is this very crop of children upon whose shoulders the future would weigh. The future at this moment looks hazy, dim and full of questions that today’s youth is imposing. Another dimension noteworthy to mention here would be a new growing trend of what is nowadays, called as “eco-anxiety”, which includes psychological effects of climate change on children that ultimately leads to anxiety, depression and suicides among the youth. The best way to get the youth further involved and aware would be by beginning the cycle from ourselves, by educating ourselves to the depth of the issue, and then spreading the word among like-minded young people around the world. In today’s age where technology rules and connectedness knows no borders, it is all-the-more necessary for the young generation to stand up and take note of the issues pegging our mother earth for reasons stated above. Environmentalist Bella Lack said: “I think eco-anxiety is a completely normal feeling. Of course, when we look at the challenges we have to face and the scale of what we have to do, we’re going to be anxious. When we see the UN reports saying we have 10 years to prevent catastrophic climate change or a million species are at risk of extinction then we’re going to be anxious – especially when you’re young and it seems to consume lots of your future.” As a case study for example, let us see how youngsters can do wonders in the realm of climate change. Two sisters, Amy & Ella Meek started ‘Kids against Plastic’ that served as a platform to empower the youth and made the voices amplify for the good. They reckon that they want more young people to follow suit and shun plastic to take care of the climate. There are various other climate change heroes, who have stood steadfast in their endeavor of climate change all across the world and need applause for the same. A few of them like Greta Thunberg made it to the world stage, but every country of the world has hundreds of such Greta’s, the need is just to give them a platform and hear their voices once. Having said all this, it remains to be seen how many youngsters across the world maintain their enthusiasm as they grow older and reach the age of leaving school. The prospect of building a future looms large on the current generation, rather than talking for climate change solutions without being paid a penny or their voices not being paid heed to. Youth activists consider it their moral integrity and responsibility to stand up for climate change but till how long and to what extent remains the question. Looking at the gleam circumstances of today, these activists have been questioned upon their maturity being ‘children’, but this same cohort of campaigners would be the answer to the crisis and would inspire the next sets and generations to come. It is ultimately now or never, and it all rests on the shoulders of this current crop of youngsters around the world to turn the timely tide. Climate change is here, alive and kicking, it’s happening and the world needs action, it’s high time!

By: Pratham Golcha

The interpretation of every change in life and on earth comes in the form of a response by the culture and society. There has been confirmed evidence to prove that climate change impacts have affected lives and livelihoods of people, which pervade the aspects of culture, identity, etc. There have been demonstrative signs to prove how cultural dimensions have responded to climate-induced risks. To amplify this point, the 52^nd session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), on 24-28 February 2020 at UNESCO Headquarters, highlighted the critical role of culture in climate change. One of the gravest threats to the culture today is climate change, indeed. Numerous impacts of climate change such as earthquakes, droughts, floods, wildfires, etc. are putting numerous lives at risk, particularly of the indigenous people, who are the harbingers of culture and tradition in every society and are the ones with least accessibility to resources to cope with.

The fact that needs to be addressed is that there has been little to no inclusion of the culture realm into the scheme of things of climate change, and it has often been neglected. In clear words, culture has so far been excluded from being integrated into the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and also the Paris Agreement, for the fact of matter. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) have recognized changes in precipitation, temperature, desertification, air pollution, etc. as huge threats that could deter cultural heritage. The cultural damage done to historical edifices because of the outside environment as a result of climate change has led to the cultural heritage sites being abolished. Let’s take the case of Taj Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It has been scientifically proven that because of the poisonous gases in the atmosphere around Agra, such as carbon monoxide, the white pillars of the Taj are turning yellow and there has been significant depletion in the quality. This is a perfect example that shows how climate change and culture are related, and UNESCO is working actively to tackle the same and its inclusion.

History has been a testament to show us how cultural and traditional practices have always trumped the modern ones, which further contribute to climate change. An example in this regard can be attributed to the usage of manures versus, that of chemical fertilizers, which harm the soil very much as compared to the traditional ways of using cow dung and natural resources. Similarly here, traditional practices for climate change mitigation, such as traditional land and water management techniques, cultural heritage resurrection steps, culturally strong food security practices, etc. can help mitigate climate change impacts. The heritage sites of cultural and traditional significance can hold great importance for indigenous communities and other marginalized groups, such as tribals for during, and post-climate related emergencies. The need of the hour is to find creative and sustainable solutions that not only preserve the culture and traditions, but also help them last for the future, since the climate change issue is only going to get bigger with time in the recent future. The role of the environmental institutions and climate artists has to be upped, to inspire action and awareness for the preservation amongst the communities. Moreover, the decision-making brass, like those of the United Nations needs to be more inclusive for the cultural and indigenous societies for future preservation. The assets of culture and tradition can help act as assets to aid reconciliation processes and provide psychological and physiological aid to communities.

The issues include corrosion, biological degradation, fungal attacks, salt crystallization cycles, thermoclastism, etc. What is needed is to transform and catapult them into inclusion and action. Practically speaking, it is not possible to change overnight the false patterns already pre-existing, having said that. Thus, it is a step-wise approach that we must follow and apply universally in all global societies to combat climate change through cultural links. The first step lies in the identification of the risks. Since the recognition and acceptance lies at the core of the issue, it is important to determine where the issue actually lies. Then, the second step is to make a decision about the responses. The key lies in actually manifesting the plans and theories in reality, rather than keeping them just confined to hypothesis since climate change is a vast genre, which forms our third and final step to achieve our objectives to mitigate climate change and other environmental issues from the societies’ and culture’s perspective. The importance of culture and traditions is to be highlighted here for the simple fact that whatever impacts of climate change happen, like the ones mentioned above, would directly be impacted, firstly and also the maximum, to the ones that form the culture of the society, the people. The devastating impacts mentioned also ruin the indigenous livelihoods, structures of historical and traditional importance to the masses. Thus, rather than correcting the cultural variable, the climatic conditions should be corrected first.

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

Every year, a day, like a birth day is celebrated to commemorate a special occasion with something to denote. Come 21^st of September this year (and the succeeding), the Zero Emissions Day is going to be celebrated; also called the ‘ZeDay’. Before proceeding any further, it’s quintessential to understand the main underlying word here-‘emission’. Well, emissions simply mean “the discharge/release of gas, heat, light, etc.” But in this context, we are talking about man-made poisonous and toxic emissions, and also that of the carbon footprint. The fact that needs to be noted is that there can in practical life, be no “zero”emissions, at least, for in the coming decades since the transition can’t be so swift.

The amazing matter of fact is that as per reports, the ‘Zero Emissions Day’ was launched in 2008 by Ken Wallace, a Canadian graphic designer. There are actually four guidelines given by the ‘ZeDay’ Founders, which include points like, “Don’t use or burn oil, gas, or coal”, “minimize your use of electricity generated by fossil fuels”, amongst a couple of others. The point here noteworthy to mention is that mine and yours contribution is all that is needed to steer this change. Yes, indeed, individual contributions can go a long way in making an impact in the society if done in the correct way. For any action to take pace and be heard, what is important is awareness to take place. We, as global citizens, need to share the message amongst our own society and make impacts with small steps. Interestingly, the ZeDay coincides with the ‘International Day of Peace’ and ‘World Gratitude Day’, which shows the importance of values and shared perspectives in life. It is noteworthy to mention as to why only 21^st September is celebrated as the ZeDay. Actually, on this day every year, the length of day and night is equal and, the amount of light is fair to those both in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

The essence of this day lies in giving our Mother Earth a break from fossil fuels and all the polluting particles, poisonous, greenhouse gases, and all that harms this globe. The fossil fuels are finite in number, and it is all the more better for us to replace them now, because sooner or later they are going to get exhausted, maybe just a blessing in disguise for our planet. Thus, we should shift to the renewable sources of energy that are way more economical, easily available and sustainable, most importantly. The rationale behind observing this day is that “everyone gets a rest day, so why not our Earth?” We should learn to use and implement the 5R’s in life: refuse, reduce, recycle, rot and reuse. We should keep a watchful eye on the usage of plastic, particularly, single-use plastic since it’s hazardous for the environment; even its burning releases a great deal of hazardous gases.

There are a few solutions that we need to not just keep in mind, but actually implement them at our own personal level. To start with, we can simply do things such as switch off electricity when not in use, or plant more trees. We should try and switch to cleaner energy options, hydrogen, etc. to feed off our needs. We can strive to spread awareness about it locally and within our own countries to inspire the youth to take up climate action. The least-developed and developing countries need to make sure that there is appropriate legislation set in place for this criterion. Since our countries lack the onus for climate change in terms of laws, we need to take this up as a challenge for our future generation. We can opt for public transport instead of traveling alone, simply put, which can help relieve the environment of more and more emissions in some or the other way. The industries need to check and make sure that the harmful gases aren’t released into the atmosphere and chimneys are kept in check, since nowadays modernization has been made parallel to industrialization, which is a wrong notion, and that’s why we need more of preventive measures to make sure that not just 21^st September, but all the 365 days of the year are celebrated as ‘Zero Emissions Day’.