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THE PSYCHOLOGY OF NOSTALGIA: UNDERTSANDING ITS IMPACT ON MENTAL WELL-BEING

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

While feeling emotions, especially those of the past, which encompasses memories, antecedents, etc., we feel a sense of longing of all that has transpired and happened. The nature of the emotions may vary, good or bad. That ‘nostalgia’, as its termed in the common parlance, is a powerful emotion that influences and shapes our mental well-being, feelings, and thinking patterns. Its psychology dives into the delicate ways in which we revisit cherished memories, that for obviously natural reasons, has a profound impact on our emotions and minds. A fair understanding of its effects on mental well-being can not only prove beneficial for one’s own self, but also provide gainful insights into coping mechanisms, human experiences which are unique to every individual, as well as dimensions of personal growth. Nostalgia serve a vital function in psychology. It isn’t just longing for the days that have gone by, rather, they offer individuals to experience a barrage of positive emotions too through insightful reflections. This very emotional pump can help act as a shield against anxiety, depression, stress, to name a few, contributing in a significant manner to the overall mental well-being of an individual. Not only is it limited to the aforementioned, but nostalgia, according to various studies of psychologists, provides a sense of continuity in one’s life, offering a chance to dig deeper within one’s reserves and reflect on the coherency of life, as a whole.A revisit of the past experiences allows individuals to pick out the positive aspects of their life and of them as social beings, thereby enhancing self-esteem. A positive self-image of the person is developed as a result of reminiscing of the lasting relationships, personal achievements, etc. A reinforcement of self-affirmation also takes place that enhances a healthy mental state for an individual by acting as a buffer against the feelings of self-doubt, inadequacy, self-pity, past trauma, etc. Interpersonal relationships are unique and novel to every individual, and hence, nostalgia has this exceptional ability to develop social connectedness. For any bond or relationship that the individual is attached to, shared memories are the very foundational basis, which crystallize into a nuanced social connectedness order through nostalgia. Let us take a very basic example of a mother and a child. A child living in a different city for studies would naturally feel homesick initially. A sense of nostalgia herein, with respect to the bond that he/she shared with the parents, friends, relatives, can act as a shield against depression and anxiety, perhaps. Nothing can be seen in black and white terms, for sure, but then surely a deep connect is a natural disposition for humans. This is exactly where nostalgia can kick in. Now, everything, right from the food that the child eats in that distant city, to the clothes that he/she would wear, would in some form transport him/her to the nostalgia of home. During challenging times, where negative emotions can often take center-stage, this aspect of nostalgia aids to a support network which can be instrumental and detrimental in maintaining mental well-being and stability.Quite evidentially, we all know that the underlying nostalgia attached cannot be universally positive always. In quite a few cases, it can elicit feelings of melancholy or longing for a past which remains incoherent with the current times. Emotions of sadness, anger, jealousy, hatred, etc. cannot be ruled out too. Humans have this innate habit of thinking about the past, sometimes, excessively, which may leads to dwelling, stagnating and brooding over events or people. This bittersweet aspect of nostalgia can have varying impacts on individuals, as far as mental health and well-being are concerned. A concerted effort to try and strike a balance between appreciating nostalgic emotions and being in the present is absolutely critical for marinating a healthy mental well-being and balance for an individual. Not only does the psychological impact of nostalgia apply to only individuals, but also to societal aspects and elements, such as societies and communities that we as social animals live in. Shared traditions, values, beliefs, norms, cultural conformations, etc. can foster a sense of unity and continuity, which may lead to social cohesion and well-being. Moreover, nostalgic reflections may provide a go-to breathing space for individuals who may turn to them to drive away from the complexities and difficulties of modern life. The sense of familiarity, comfort, association, pleasantness may provide some solace from the uncertainties of the present, acting as a shield from the arrows of change. There are quite a few ways and means by which individuals can harness and adopt intentional practices of nostalgia for mental well-being and development. Creating a playlist of one’s favorite songs, photo albums, letters or messages may allow room for past nostalgic memories. In dealing with stress, anxiety, trauma, depression, etc. transforming nostalgic reflections and interpretations into therapeutic practices might go a long way in an individual’s quest for mental well-being. The psychological impact of nostalgia can be termed as a mixed bag. While it can act as a source of positive emotions, social connectedness and self-esteem on one hand, on the other it might pose difficulties when individuals become fixated on the past excessively. Again, there is nothing absolute in black and white. An intricate and delicate interplay between emotions, memories and well-being can be detrimental for any individual and have significant implications on the psyche. It all depends on us how we perceive nostalgia to be, whether a past baggage or a present gift to cherish.

Biodiversity Conservation: Preserving Ecosystems for Future Generations

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

Encompassing varied life forms, right from microscopic microorganisms to bulging trees, biodiversity is the thread that holds all the life forms together. Biodiversity isn’t just limited to providing ecosystems to humans and all living beings, but it also provides enrichment to our lives in a thousand different ways. The biodiversity loss, however, due to human actions, is of critical concern over the past few decades, and the situation has exposed the vulnerabilities significantly. We need to preserve it not just for this generation, but also for the years and generations to come.Biodiversity is a wide term that includes the very basis of healthy ecosystems, which supports a range of ecological processes which are absolutely critical for life to sustain on earth. In order to maintain the balance of ecosystems, the role of each and every species is important, no matter how diminutive or small it might be. For instance, coral reefs support fisheries and protect coastlines from natural disasters. Moreover, a myriad of plant species contribute significantly to the fertility and health of the soil, thereby preventing soil erosion. These examples go on to show how small, inconspicuous species can actually act as a wall against a host of issues and disasters. All we need to do is be aware, and conserve them judiciously.Previously, medicines derived from plants used to help stave off diseases and ailments successfully, ancient Indian Ayurveda being a prime example. A host of spiritual practices, traditional methods, cultural ways, and art have been tied to biodiversity since ancient times, aesthetically and potentially. Biodiversity loss equates to also a loss of our well-being, heritage and traditions, which have been passed on since generations. An inseparable part of our society and living, we do not even realize how the tiniest of everyday life’s happenings are tied with biodiversity. Bio-diversity, as the name suggests, is something that is a source in living and co-existing in itself. Necessitating urgent and quick action, biodiversity loss equates to a grave crisis globally, with the question of sustainability and climate-neutrality being in doubt. Not only does it support human activities and those of the living organisms, it is also a source of supporting and forming micro and macro economies of nations.Biodiversity is under a huge clout of threat, more than ever before, and it needs our collective attention, planning and action. With the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) taking a hit considerably, during and post-Covid-19, it is imperative more than ever before to keep biodiversity in our talks and planning. With India now being declared the world’s third most polluted nation, and Delhi the world’s most polluted Capital, the onus is on us for collective action for not just our nation, but the region, continent, and the world, as a whole. Going by the reports of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), around one million species are at risk of extinction, many within decades, with the current continuing trends.Adopting a multi-faceted and coordinated effort, along with a grass-root planning is quintessential to get the ball rolling as far as biodiversity conservation is concerned. The creation and effective management of protected areas, national parks, wildlife reserves, and marine sanctuaries play an inseparable role in protecting biodiversity by preserving ecosystems in their natural state and providing refuge for endangered species. For long-term sustainability and a steady success rate, it is imperative to involve indigenous communities, employ local techniques of conservation, and keep stakeholders abreast of the dwindling situation. Preserving the environment and biodiversity requires a multi-pronged approach. Authorities, as well as the people need to have consolidated action in unison in order to make the results favorable over a period of time.

Navigating the Future of Indo-Europe Partnership

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

As we stand on the threshold of the 21st century, the future of the Indo-Europe partnership is crucial more than ever before. The shared partnership between the two has increased in great significance over the past few years. This same partnership is multifaceted in nature, and touches the tangents of realms such as history, culture, economics, diplomacy, etc.Talking about the historical values shared collectively by India and Europe, they actually date back to centuries ago. Right from the ancient Silk Road to the colonial era, these regions have been a testimony to the exchange of ideas, cultures, goods, traditions. The significance and relevance of the relationship between India and Europe have stood the test over time, not just because of the historical trade routes, but also due to the shared values that underscore both. There are numerous principles which both India and Europe have deeply embedded in their cultures- human rights, democracy and cultural diversity. These certainly serve as the very foundation and basis of the partnership between India and Europe.Diplomacy is another crucial aspect which has, and continues to shape the partnership between the two. Right from the United Nations and G20, to various other regional organizations, there are many platforms for collaboration and coordination on issues, pertaining to conflict resolution, climate action, terrorism, etc. The active involvement and participation of both India and the European Union in global forums bode well for peace, security and development. India has also been host to the India-EU Summit, exhibiting its commitment to strengthening bilateral ties between the two heavyweights. India’s G20 Presidency in 2023 was particularly significant and meaningful since it allowed the nation to engage with major European economies and the EU as a whole, collectively. This resulted in fruitful dialogues and deliberations, strengthening the relations between the two.Being two major economies of the world, India and the European Union collaborate extensively on the economic front. The European Union is one of India’s largest trading partners, and accounts for a significant share of India’s global trade. It is natural that these robust economic ties have become a cornerstone of the partnership between the two and has resulted in mutual growth and development. There is ample scope for more trade agreements between India and the EU so as to unlock the plethora of opportunities for both parties. Europe has always laid a firm emphasis on research and development. While, India, on the other hand, is a rapidly rising hub of technology and an economic giant. A comprehensive engagement between the two could potentially lead to joint initiatives to tackle global challenges that impact both India and the European Union, such as public health crises, climate change, terrorism and security, etc. Technology and innovation are two elements with great potential for collaboration between the two to foster even better ties in the coming future.Cultural exchange is a cornerstone of the Indo- European partnership. India has a vast amount of rich cultural heritage, such as its traditional practices of yoga, unani, Ayurveda, etc. These surely have captivated Europe and created a strong interest within the population, leading to a surge in popularity of these traditions. Indian literature, Bollywood, Indian cuisine, couture, etc. have all found much liking and admiration in the European continent. Concurrently, at the same time, Europe’s art, history, music and culture have had a significant influence on the Indian population. Cultural exchanges like these between the two foster mutual understandings deepen the existing relations. Not just this, the people-to-people connect is enhanced as well.The strategic geographic location of India, lying at the crossroads of South Asia and Europe gives it a strategic role in ensuring regional stability. This is also where India’s diplomatic relationships with its neighbors such as Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and Nepal carry important geopolitical implications. The European Union has always aspired for a more assertive foreign policy and a greater role in the international arena, which align perfectly with India’s ambitions and interests. What it enables is greater scope for cooperation and mutual understanding in the domains of peace building and conflict resolution. The new India-Middle East- Europe corridor and several other enthusiastic engagement aspirations would be of significant interest here. The Ancient Silk route was always known to connect India with Europe. Geopolitically, it is crucial to have better connectivity between India and the European Union to facilitate faster exchange of goods and services and expand the scope further.As both the heavyweights look to expand their partnership and grow in importance and significance, given the geopolitical and diplomatic juggernaut and long-standing tensions between nations, it is crucial to address the challenges of the 21st century that beckon not just India and the European Union, but also the international fraternity. Of late, climate change mitigation and environmental diplomacy are a fruitful and necessary area of cooperation, since they are also a shared concern. India’s commitments, efforts and funding in the realm of climate change and biodiversity are in tandem with the European Union’s “Green Deal” and other initiatives. Initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance create fields for shared objectives in sustainable development.The COVID-19 pandemic in the past couple of years has reflected the need for strong global health governance and initiatives, With huge populations residing in India and the European Union and being major contributors to global health, the onus is on both to enhance their cooperation in this vital area to better respond to such health crises that arise in the years to come.India’s Act East Policy and the European Union’s strategic autonomy ambitions perfectly align on a vision of a multipolar world, which encompasses multilateralism and togetherness. The increased significance of engaging effectively with like-minded allies and nations is absolutely essential to preserve a rules-based international order. Collaborative efforts internationally never go in vain, and such collaboration and cooperation would be detrimental for the international community.Every relationship carries with itself some form of challenges and the Indo-European one is no different. There is a need to accept first of all, and address the challenges such as trade disputes, regulatory differences, political divergences, trade issues, to name a few. The examples of India’s apprehensions and skepticism about data protection and the European Union’s concerns as far as trade imbalances are concerned provide a brief idea of the challenges that need attention. Rather than disagreeing and consolidating stances individually, India and the European Union should instead approach these constructively, using them as opportunities and possibilities for dialogue and negotiation. The India- EU Summit, amongst other high-level meetings on a regular basis provide a platform to address these matters effectively and avoid conflicts. Through open discussions and negotiations, mutually beneficial outcomes can be achieved.The Indo-European partnership and its future holds huge significance and promise. Due to common values, shared aspirations and historical bonds, a more stronger, secure and sustainable world can be achieved. In a world which is as interconnected as ever before, the partnership between India and the European Union is a testament to the power of collaboration among nations which have a shared regard for democracy, cultural diversity and human rights. At this very juncture and crossroad of a new era, this alliance serves as a testament to the potential for international cooperation and diplomacy, which is capable enough to solve complex challenges that the 21st century represents. Between these two significant regions, the future is indeed bright and promises a world awakened by the synergy that India and the European Union holds together.

India’s Evolving Role in the Global South

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

India, being a nation rich in cultural diversity and history, has been a vital player in the Global South for decades. India’s role in the Global South is undergoing a stupendous transformation, just as it embarks on the journey of the 21st century, in its quest to be a ‘developed’ nation, with numerous ambitions and aims.The term ‘Global South’ essentially entails and refers to those nations which were left out of the industrialization era and which had an ideology conflict with the capitalist and communist nations, intensified by the Cold War. The nations of the Global South are predominantly from the continents of Asia, Africa and South America. The Global South is of prime importance and significance not just because it has been underrepresented, but also because of its large population, abundance of natural resources and rich cultures. Political instability, economic inequalities, climate change, lack of infrastructure and absence of a unified voice are some of the issues plaguing the Global South. The voice of the Global South has often remained unheard and unheeded, whereas the Global North has always been at the forefront of development and economic balance. The disparity between the two have always existed, and the need to have a leader representing and making a case for the collective benefit of the Global South was always lacking, despite having huge populations and natural resources.India’s journey in the Global South can be traced back to its struggle for independence from the colonial rule of the British. Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of non-violence and his solidarity with the oppressed class of the society resonated with many countries in the Global South. The nation’s emergence as a sovereign nation in 1947 brought it to the forefront of numerous international forums, such as the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), which was a bloc of countries who advocated for neutrality during the Cold War.One of the crucial aspects of India’s evolving role in the Global South is its commitment to diplomacy and multilateralism. The nation’s participation in various international organizations, such as the United Nations, BRICS, and its successful term with the recent G20 Presidency has allowed it to engage with member states across the Global South more vehemently and comprehensively. India’s leading and proactive role in peacekeeping missions, along with its contributions to international development and humanitarian aid have reinforced its standing as a dependable global player and leader.India has built a wide range of diplomatic partnerships with countries in the Global South, ranging from South East Asia to Africa. With mutual respect and cooperation in areas like defense, development, trade, etc. India’s credibility has valiantly increased. In order to foster collaboration between countries in the Global South, whether for economic growth or development, India’s commitment to South-South cooperation is evident through initiatives such as the India-Africa Forum Summit and the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Dialogue Forum. Moreover, India’s recent path breaking advancements in the realm of space research, through the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have demonstrated the nation’s potential for knowledge and expertise. India’s soft power, which includes its films, literature, and traditional practices, such as yoga and Ayurveda have had a great impact on countries in the Global South and beyond.As far as India’s quest as a leader of the Global South is concerned, the nation’s economic growth in the recent decades has played an important role. Being one of the world’s fastest-growing major economies, India offers a novel and unique development model for other member states in the Global South. The accomplishments and advancements in poverty alleviation, fighting unemployment and improving public infrastructure have become a success model for the other nations. The country’s expertise in fields such as Information Technology, renewable energy, pharmaceuticals has attracted the attention of countries looking to modernize their economies. With India being successful in helping the African Union become a part of the G20 member set-up officially, as well as its engagements with the African continent, it has resulted in several economic partnerships and initiatives, thereby solidifying and strengthening its role in the region.India’s evolving role in the Global South is also furthered by its geopolitical significance and importance. Being a responsible and prominent regional power, it seeks to ensure stability, peace and security in South Asia and beyond. Its marvelous relationships with nations such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka have strategic implications. India has not only extended assistance for infrastructure development and capacity-building in these nations, but is also performing humanitarian assistance successfully. With the recent opening up of the India-Sri Lanka ferry service, food grain assistance to Afghanistan, economic assistance to Nepal and Bhutan, the nation has exhibited brilliantly why it is a perfect leader of the Global South and a force to reckon with in Asia.Climate change, public health crises and poverty are some of the most crucial challenges that the Global South confronts at the moment. India distinctively highlighted its humongous commitment to the Global South by providing medical and humanitarian assistance to countries in need during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ‘vaccine diplomacy’ by India during the COVID-19 pandemic showed clearly how India was more than capable of handling health emergencies, by not just being self-sufficient but a global player in manufacturing and delivering vaccines all across the world. Moreover, India’s salient efforts to combat climate change, as evident through initiatives like the International Solar Alliance, Global Biofuel Alliance illustrate and demonstrate its astute leadership in addressing global challenges.In the last decade or so, India’s stature as a strong and influential nation has grown tremendously on the international stage. During its successful G20 Presidency, India showcased its collaborative spirit by reaching out to 125 countries in order to co-create the agenda of the G20 and have a united outcome. The crippling food and energy crises due to the wars have aggravated the miseries of the countries of the Global South, and India has made concerted efforts to address those challenges by doing its bit and helping on humanitarian grounds. The United Nations, at the behest of the Government of India, declared 2023 as ‘International Year of Millets’, with the objective of creating awareness and increasing the production and consumption of millets. These examples highlight how India, as a nation, has created a niche for itself in the Global South and exerted influence on others as well through its soft power diplomacy, incorporating its five fixed pillars of Samman (dignity), Samvaad (dialogue), Samriddhi (shared prosperity), Suruksha (regional and global security) and Sanskriti evam Sabhyata (cultural and civilizational links).India’s evolving role in the Global South is a testament to its commitment to solidarity, diplomacy, and development. It has given the Global South a voice, and has championed the causes of having economic equality, political stability, infrastructural development, to name a few. From long being dubbed a ‘sleeping giant’, to today becoming a ‘roaring giant’, the nation has indeed come a long way and occupied its rightful place as an upcoming superpower. India plays a pivotal role in fostering economic growth, social development and cooperation in the Global South. As it balances its own development aspirations with the key responsibility of being a leader in the region, India’s journey from a leader of anti-colonial movements to a proactive partner in the development of the Global South demonstrates the multifaceted nature of its role on the global map. In a world which is increasingly getting interconnected, India’s contributions and leadership are most likely to become even more vital in shaping the future of the Global South.

KRABI – THE ENCHANTING ISLAND

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

Krabi is synonymous with the term peace, serenity and tranquility. The laid-back atmosphere of Krabi is sure to leave everyone awestruck. Krabi stands a testimony to the fact that a town or tourist centre doesn’t necessarily need skyscrapers and hustle and bustle to be popular. Krabi is essentially a secluded province on southern Thailand’s Andaman coastline. At the first sight, I found it completely opposite of what I had imagined initially. The province is gifted with natural beauty and isolated beaches. Ao Nang is the town where most of the tourists reside in Krabi. It is otherwise, a sleeping city. The most famous beaches in Krabi include: Ao Nang beach, Railay beach, Nopparat Thara beach, Phra Nang beach and Klong Muang beach. The coral reef vistas are one of the most beautiful and famous vistas of the world. I can go on to call it as the soul of Thailand. The province of Krabi is situated between Trang and Phang Nga. It is also popular for the amazing limestone-cliffs, eerie caves, unseen flora and fauna and not to forget the warm Thai locals. There are a number of ways to reach Krabi. There are direct domestic flights from Bangkok Airport to Krabi, which caters to a sizeable number of population. It can be reached via road as well. Phuket is only 2 hours and 30 minutes away from Krabi. Interestingly, it takes about 90 minutes to reach Phi Phi island of Krabi from Phuket. The town is busy catering to tourists all-round the year. Water-based activities and water sports ought to be on one’s bucket list while visiting here. I did many water sports such as rock climbing on the Phra Nang Beach and scuba diving. The beautiful hues of water on the beaches are sure to surprise everyone. There are a wide array of accommodations in Krabi- ranging from budget hotels to deluxe resorts. Aromatherapy and massages are immensely famous in Krabi. We were staying in the heart of Ao Nang Town. The town has a number of mesmerizing beaches and one can travel to-and-fro easily from here.Our first day in Krabi was spent on the Ao Nang beach, which is situated in the town itself. A walk down the streets to the beach is itself wonderful. One may find a number of shops selling authentic Thai stuff. Be it Thai ice-creams, local artifacts, beer, clothes or Buddha sculptures, this place has it all. The Ao Nang Beach is spread out. One may not find people thronging the beach and it is spotlessly clean as well. There are many boats which offer a ride in the sea. The rain and over-cast conditions made it even more heavenly. The beach is endowed with bounties of nature. The crystal clear sand, the turquoise blue water, thousands of sea-shells, crawling crabs, sea-side lounges and the beautifully jutting out limestone cliffs would leave one in splits. There are estimated to be around 200 islands and islets in Krabi, with each one having its own essence. Many of the islands have no access to landing in the sea, they protrude out with sharp edges of the cliffs. They surely seem intriguing and scary at times, just because they are extremely remote. Even a thought of getting stranded in the islands would send shivers down ones spine. The monsoon season had just begun when we were there and the high tides of the sea are sure to remind one of their forefathers . Majority of the islands are uninhabited and the smaller islets have many caves and reefs. The next day was an adventure in itself for us. It was pouring cats and dogs. We were scheduled to visit the very famous Four Islands of Krabi. These Four Islands were – Phra Nang Cave and Beach, Tup Island, Chicken Island and Poda Island. They are to be visited in the aforesaid order only, with the journey culminating on the other shore of Ao Nang Beach. These tours are easily available across the city. One may try and explore. There are beautiful boats that take you across these islands. The first to begin was the Phra Nang Beach. It was a secluded peninsula, consisting of clear shallow waters, soft white sand, hundreds of coconut and mangrove trees, caves and coral reefs. I did rock climbing on this island, which is very popular because of the design of the hanging cliffs. There are various limestone cliffs in the backdrop and it is a paradise for photography. There is a cave too of a Princess, to whom the locals pray fervently according to their custom. The next stop was the Tup Island. It was sandwiched between the Poda Island and Chicken Island. This island is essentially smaller in area in comparison to the other islands in the archipelago. It is the ideal place for snorkelling because of the shallow and warm waters. The equipment for snorkeling is provided by the ship or cruise crew only. The stunning views of the Krabi coastline in the background are truly jaw-dropping. Intersetingly, there is a sandbar that pops out of the sea during low tides which links this island to the neighbouring Chicken Island and other small islets. Our next stop was Chicken Island, often called as Koh Poda Nok in local Thai language. The name is given to it courtesy its structure in the shape of a chicken. Scuba diving and snorkelling are highly recommended in this island. If one doesn’t wish to take a dip in the sea, a stroll on the islands is a great option. The picturesque beauty of hanging cliffs, the Andaman coastline, coral reefs are a sight to behold. There was a cute little shack selling drinks and local snacks, there isn’t any construction on the island. It is an ideal place to click pictures on polaroid and phones. The last stop after this island was Poda Island or Koh Poda. It belongs to the Poda group of Islands. Many movies have been shot on this island. Koh Poda is located in the west of Ao Nang. The incredible marine world and coral reefs aren’t to be missed. A stop here is not complete without a Thai lunch, though it may taste quite insipid to Indians. I loved to sunbathe at shore of the island. Like us, never forget to carry a raincoat as the rains are highly unpredictable in the Gulf of Thailand. Next, we were ferried in the ship to the town of Ao Nang. This too is a National Park area. Thus, there are many restrictions on usage of polythene, polystyrene and single-use plastic. There is a very small number of Indian population in Krabi, but Indian cuisine is a great hit there. Krabi also boasts of a number of posh malls, the Central Mall being very famous. Almost every tenth shop in whole of Thailand is Seven Eleven, where everything is available under the sun. I bought dozens of Thai chocolates from there. The area is also famous for its bountiful soaps in all shapes and sizes, ranging from shape of a rose to a shoe. The rice soaps are a must buy in Krabi. Even the cosmetics are not very expensive. All in all, it is a perfect getaway destination for people of all ages. Its full of entertainment and crazy adventure. Make sure everyone, Krabi is on your bucket list now.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGIMA: A SUSTAINABLE & JUST WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2024

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

Here we are at the crossroad again; another World Environment Day to celebrate. One day of magnanimous plantation drives, speeches and commentaries on the environment, learning about a few complex terminologies, perhaps, and maybe a thought to be spared for our environment and surroundings- easy! The very next day, we are back to being our apathetic selves for our environment- throwing trash out on the streets, forgetting to water the sapling we had planted (if one even did at the first place), using plastics, and the list is endless. Little do we realize that even the smallest of unsustainable acts by us have a stirring effect on the environment around us. The concepts of ecosystems, ecological cycles, biodiversity, climate, are all limited to textbooks and newspapers. As you might be reading this, it might just be another read on the environment, and I’m not even writing this as a conservationist or climate enthusiast. Keeping all my experiences and sensitivity for our environment aside, I’m writing this purely to educate the masses and bring in a longevity for our understanding of environmental issues.The World Environment Day 2024 focuses on the theme of “Renewable Energy Innovations for a Sustainable Future.” We are on a climate breakdown of all sorts as we read this piece. Heat waves, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, wildfires, are all wreaking havoc across the world and in India. As we stand on the brink of a climate crisis, the need to transform and align our habits on the path of sustainability are more crucial than ever before. A collective, concerted effort on the part of individuals, communities, and nations is necessary to bring about a paradigm change. Some of the areas that require our utmost attention are mentioned as under:·

Water and Marine Conservation· Circular Economy·

Sustainability·

Climate

Policymaking·

Biodiversity

Conservation·

Youth Activism and Advocacy·

Awareness and Education·

Reforestation and Afforestation Projects·

Phasing Down of Non-Renewable Sources of Energy·

Climate Justice and Equity

At this point of time, there is a Subsidiary Bodies session underway in Bonn, Germany by the UNFCCC and also a Conference of the Parties (COP) 16 that awaits the world in October 2024, by the UNCBD. Another COP, which is the COP 29 will be attended by the delegates, stakeholders, government representatives, etc in the month of November this year in the country of Azerbaijan. This goes on to show that the work is indeed happening. At the macro level, there are decisions being taken, there are numerous people and entities trying to make things work in the best possible manner to save our environment. Even in India, there is actually a lot of work taking place, which normally isn’t spoken much about. Yes, when the ill effects show up, there definitely ought to be hues and cries about the environment. But when it comes to formulate solutions and bring about changes, the percolation, awareness levels and understanding take a hit. This is where we need to improve as a society. Just like every small action of ours can have disastrous effects on the environment; similarly these same miniscule actions can go on to preserve our biodiversity, and turn around the severe climatic impacts gradually. Mitigation and adaptation, in climate action are concerted domains that delve deeper into the crisis and offer useful solutions to understand and act better.In simple words, the environment can be described as the sum total of all the living and non-living elements and their effects that influence human life. No, this isn’t a textbook definition that needs to be just read once, but a practical, underlying statement that speaks about all that the term ‘environment’ encompasses. Whether biotic or abiotic components, the environment makes up human beings in totality and caters to the most basic of the needs. We are all aware, educated and well-informed. The difference lies in making an impact, yes, an individual impact in the society, which can go on to show greatly positive impacts. Let’s not get started on the statistics, since those are really depressing for me as a conservationist, and not very endearing. But a certainly better statistic would be the efforts taken by us people in not only conserving our environment for our use, but also for the succeeding generation. After all, that is all what sustainability means!This Environment Day, let’s join hands to do it not just for ourselves or for the heck of it, but consciously and mindfully, because a single day without an element of the environment wouldn’t even see it being a day!

DOWN MEMORY LANE

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

As a kid who was born in the year 2001, I have had fond memories of some of the most fantastic things that life has had to offer. In the world of artificial intelligence, 24*7 internet, and all things digital, did you ever think of how far have you made it, irrespective of your age? Every generation has had to adapt to the current ideal and template of living, howsoever difficult or easy it might seem at the outset. Things were much simpler, less tension-free and more fun-loving when we were kids until a few years ago. I remember paying and getting a recharge done on my mother’s phone if I had to speak to my school friend in high school. We kids back then probably didn’t have a phone of our own (very few had the privilege of owning one for themselves solely), and the onus lies on using those Nokia phones of our parents, with a keen eye on the outgoing calls and messages with respect to the top-up deductions. As a kid in the third or fourth grade, I remember asking my parents for a beyblade as a birthday gift, simply because we had to play it on our tables in school. Some even remember those Ben 10 merchandise and WWE cards, a big hit back then. Our memories were sharper as well, when we had to recall and remember the phone numbers that had to be dialed on the landline, unlike now when the numbers were just a tap away. Then came the comics such as Amar Chitra Katha, Tinkle, Tintin which were a craze amongst us. I recall distinctly going to the library every week at the time of the period in school and get the series repeatedly issued, and read even while coming back home in the school bus. Nowadays, mobile phones and the internet have become so accessible that kids have virtually forgotten the smaller joys of life. Yes, GTA Vice City, Play Station and all those video games did exist back then as well, but I personally found joy in these simple games and plays. Who can forget the joy of owning a laptop or computer of your own at home, and those ‘legendary’ games of Super Mario, Solitaire, EA Sports cricket, etc. One of the fondest memories I can think about is about birthday parties, wherein having a return gift system would be a huge thing to show off! Owning pencil boxes, lovely pouches, stationery materials, Rubik’s cube, and the likes were such ego boosters for any birthday hosts. High-end birthday bashes at pubs, restaurants and malls cannot replicate the feeling of having a paper plate with some laddoos, a fringe piece of cake, some wafers and a handful of toffees. Ah, times were simple and so were the people. Simple joys of life inundated life like never before, and the satisfaction was unreal always. Who can actually forget the usage of CDs, and cassettes! Parents playing them on television every Sunday were an amazing way to boost the mood and set the mood. Moreover, the white PT shoes are such a nostalgia. I remember taking a chalk from the classroom and rubbing them in order to make them look cleaner every Wednesday and Saturday. Those black school shoes even smelled lovely, honestly! When it came to cars, I remember owning a Maruti 800 and thinking of being a celebrity of some sort. Shows like Shaktiman, Shaka Laka Boom Boom, Shararat, and cartoons such as Oswald, Thomas- the engine, Tellytubbies, etc. had an astonishing appeal to children of my age back then. Pokemon, Tom and Jerry were all as lovable to me as my parents or friends. In the era of ‘Netflix and chill’ now, those advertisements of a number of brands are still learnt by every word and singing tone. Whether washing powders or biscuits, every brand had an actual brand identity and reach to its target audience. These small joys of life are still in the memory fresh today because of the impact that they have had from the very beginning, it is nothing short of an imprint in the brain. Fast forward these days to the present moment and all I can think of is a hundred responsibilities, commitments and deadlines that I have to adhere to. The environment and space are completely different to what we as kids have gone through (with every generation it gets nostalgic in their own manner). Nonetheless, keeping these alive in the memory every now and then certainly transports one to the times back then, full of freshness of childhood and the innocence of love for people and things. Even loading sheddings used to be nothing short of an entertainment, rather than a complaint, with every moment savoured with games, entertainment and excitement. Those were the days!

TRAVELOGUE: KHAJURAHO

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

Khajuraho, an ancient city in the Madhya Pradesh state of northern India, was the capital of the Chandela kings, who ruled Bundelkhand during the 10th to 12th century. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Khajuraho was given the name of ‘the City of the Gods’, by the 11th century CE Muslim historian Abu Rihan Alberuni. Khajuraho had a great reputation in the past, as an important cultural center, but today, there are no surviving non-religious buildings, despite the presence of 35 Hindu and Jain temples. They together make it one of the most significant historical sites in India. Going by statistics, the majority of Hindu (Shaiva or Vaishnava) or Jain temples at Khajuraho were built between 950 and 1050 CE. Most of the temples at Khajuraho were built using sandstone, with some even using granite for the construction work. The most famous temple is the Kandariya Mahadeo, constructed in the early 11th century CE, dedicated to Lord Shiva. The religious importance of Khajuraho stayed only until the 14th century, after which it was largely forgotten. Khajuraho was discovered by the British in 1838, but the temples of the area could not be saved by them. A destination, which is close to the Panna Tiger Reserve of Madhya Pradesh, is situated in a beautiful geographical area.We reached the following evening and set off for the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple. Dedicated primarily to Lord Shiva, this temple was built in between 1025 to 1050 A.D. With an astonishingly varied architecture adored upon the temple walls and inside, every image and carving has a meaning and significance attached to it, and are life-sized. A Shiva Lingam sits inside the premises of the temple, where one can take part in the prayers in the Garbhagriha. Interestingly, it was the first time in my life seeing people walking inside the temples with their footwear on- the reason being most of the temples do not see any prayers or chantings happening, and thus, one can wear shoes and go inside the sanctum. Surrounded by serene and green, well-kept open spaces, the entire complex is a mesmerizing place to visit and remember God. The next place on the anvil was the Lakshmana Temple, built by the Chandela rulers, which was also one of the oldest temples in Khajuraho. Dedicated to Lord Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh, this temple has more than 600 carvings of Hindu deities. The stunning architecture makes one question as to if it really is a human thing, carved with perfect unison of science and architecture, centuries ago. Adorned by Lord Vishnu inside the sanctum sanctorum, it has so much energy that even an atheist can be put to think about the existence of God. The light and sound show should not be missed whilst being in Khajuraho. Conducted on the grounds of the temples, it provides a perfect experience to learn and soak into the amazing culture that surrounds the town and its temples. Right from the history of the place, to the significance and naming, this show has it all, and is definitely different from the rest. Set up in open skies, with the setting sun, adorned on the temple walls, it is just what one would need to sit back and unwind. Another temple complex in Khajuraho that we visited was the Javari Temple, situated in the eastern part of the group of temples. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, this temple is a must-see, purely for its ancient aesthetics, carvings, and large green spaces.One might think that these age-old temples must be in ruins and not kept well, but surprisingly (pleasantly), these are very well kept, managed and developed by relevant authorities. All of these temple complexes might seem as if they’re all the same, but every temple, every carving has a distinct significance and importance attached. In the evening later, we gorged on some lip-smacking street food of Khajuraho. With some wonderful options for shopping, especially local art and traditional crafts, it is sure to be novel and interesting. Just a small stroll through the narrow roads of the town would make one conscious of the ancient art and heritage attached with almost every building. Since there is a great influx of foreign tourists in Khajuraho, there are a number of good dining and staying options in the town. Numerous small temples line up in Khajuraho’s narrow, dusty lanes and reflect the amount of sheer devotion the people have towards their religion and God. Well, after a scrumptious breakfast at one of the many luxury hotels dotting the town, we went to visit the hidden gem of Khajuraho- the Chaturbhuj Temple. Built in the 12th century by the Chandela rulers, it not only is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, but a 2.7 meters tall statue of Lord Vishnu with four hands stands tall inside, thus giving it the name ‘Chaturbhuja.’ A bit different in architecture and distinct in its significance from others, this temple is simply stunning. It’s noteworthy to mention that just as the sun keeps changing its position (and the subsequent changes in sunlight), the temples in Khajuraho show different hues depending on the time of the day. Sometimes you might find them a bright yellow, at times, a dusty color, and sometimes even mustard or gold. All of these temple complexes are close-by to each other, and one can visit all of them in a space of a couple of days. The Western Group of Temples is the most famous complex in Khajuraho. An equal number of tourists from abroad can be seen throughout the temple town, and one would be amazed to see how much they regard and soak in it all together. The Vishvanatha Temple houses 101 smaller lingams inside the sanctorum of the temple, and is ofcourse, dedicated to Lord Shiva, which was the next destination to be visited. These aren’t simple, touristy places to merely see and get oneself clicked. Rather, it is the perfect opportunity to soak in the divinity and find the real ’peace’. There is so much silence that surrounds the town, there’s a great amount of peace to harbor onto. A temple of Sun God, Surya,- the Chitragupta temple dates back to the 11th century, wherein one can see a beautiful carving of deities riding a chariot with seven horses. Again, an unbelievable sight. A very famous temple, the Duladeo is home to a stunning Shiva lingam and mesmerizing sculptures of the Apsaras. Various intricate carvings adorn it and add to it the architecture and history attached.While Khaujraho houses numerous Hindu temples, it is home to as many Jain temples. One of them is the Shantinatha temple, located in the eastern part of the Khajuraho group of temples. The inside of the temple has a huge idol of Lord Shantinatha, about 12 feet tall. Exterior of the temple holds some marvelous sculptors. One imagines the amount of science and knowledge our ancestors had centuries ago, without as much ease and advancement as today, yet perfection at its finest. Parsvnath Temple, the Jain museum, Adinath Temple, as well as the Eastern Group of Temples are all a testament to the rich Jain heritage and history. Every nook and corner of these temples has stunning appeal, not only aesthetically, but also religiously and spiritually. Various handicrafts and local arts can be found on the streets, and that can also be our way of balancing sustainable tourism. While driving back from Khajuraho, one can visit the Ken Waterfalls and also the Panna Tiger Reserve, as they are very close and accessible from the town. Indeed, Khajuraho is bountiful with God’s blessings. After all, how can so many Gods not bestow their divinity upon us all!

RAIN RAIN, DON’T GO AWAY!

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

Monsoon always captivates people of all ages, shapes and sizes. Not just captivates, but it also spellbinds and awes us with its sheer beauty and magnificence. Rain is a beautiful phenomenon that has always carried a plethora of emotions with it for every person. When a kid watches rain for the first time in his life, it is pure jubilation. Painters, poets, craftsmen and all forms of artists revel in the monsoon season, where the rain is an object of pure attention and personification. When I was a kid, just like many other kids, the wait for monsoon was real: the schools would reopen in June/ July, one got to chew on those bhuttas on the streetside (corn getting stuck between teeth is a pet-peeve), make those paper boats and float on the streams of water outside home. The scary eyes of a mother are not even enough to hold kids back from playing in rain or simply getting drenched and reveling in the monsoon. Such is the fascination that the season brings with itself.There are numerous emotions attached by humans to almost everything in life, because we of course, are predisposed to psychologically. This is precisely the reason why people claim to feel much relaxed and calm when they simply see or hear rain. Truly, it’s magical. The thought of rain drops falling from the cloud might be of little significance to us in today’s lives, but certainly it is mindfulness that can truly help us embrace the intricacies of life. Remember, when you watch those slow motion videos of rain falling on the leaves, it feels so relaxing? Do you still have nostalgia over the smell of petrichor right from childhood? Even the most luxurious of brands of scents would probably be unable to replicate that smell, it’s heaven-like. Right from joy and nostalgia, to melancholy and reflection, there are a wide range of emotions that the season makes us run through. This allows artists, poets, etc. to delve deeper into themes and emotions and thus, bring out the very best in them, such as me writing this! Rain is a great example that exemplifies the virtues of renewal, growth, purification, and progress. That’s the law of nature. Since childhood, various poems and stories on rain have continued to be a part of our textbooks and written pieces. Having read and felt all of this so much, what is the reason for us to reflect again, even if it means harboring a new perspective? The profound resonance of the monsoon on one’s emotions can make even the biggest extroverts go pensive, and the introverts a karaoke singer.After all, look at the birds dazzling in the rain! And since we talk about our counterparts on this planet, how can we forget our jiggly friends, the snake! Since time immemorial, so many of our festivals and rituals have been tied to monsoon. This same monsoon has now been subjected to climate catastrophes, unfortunately. Every monsoon season brings with itself nature’s fury. We see roads being inundated, homes being washed away, people dying of the monsoon’s ugly wrath, and so much more. The worst part, all we have is ourselves to blame for this conundrum. The endowment of nature has always been present on this earth, but how and what we make and do of it is where the key lies. Anyway, another thing that scares me in the rain is the fear of walking inside home with dirty feet or muddy shoes. No, muddy shoes aren’t the thing, the scolding of a mother definitely is!Well, one can go on and on and literally write a thesis on monsoons and their pure charm. There is always a flip side to even the best of the things in the world, and the rains are no different. Like always and everything in life, it’s a mixed bag as well. But yes, just like me if you do have a pen in your hand with a beautiful write-up to complete, and a perfectly brewed filter coffee, there’s nothing better! The preferences are sure to vary from person to person, and everyone has their own ‘perfect scene.’ When in India, we all know how the potatoes and onions are required to dip themselves in the batter and get deep fried, just to be accompanied by some masala chai tea latte (pun, intended), making for a perfect combination for a rainy weather. While a young chap like me should essentially be loving such stuff, I would be one of those rare Indians who would rather avoid this combination and perhaps, go for a coffee and cake. The perfect personification of romanticism, the greatest poems of heartbreak, the most beautiful of paintings, the favorite of good times, and maybe, the best of life, are enjoyed when there are drops falling with varying speeds that can be seen through our silos and windows. That is the beauty and majestic essence of this season, and maybe you too should sit back, relax and let nature work its magic on you! Rain rain, please do not go ever away!

COP 28 LACKS TEETH

BY: PRATHAM GOLCHA

It was business as usual, physically as well as metaphorically, at yet another Conference of Parties (COP), the annual Climate Change Conference, held this year at Dubai, United Arab Emirates. With scores of world leaders paving their way to the middle, to wealthy businessmen pushing for their self-interests, this COP was again an amalgamation, showcasing a mix of achievements to appreciate, as well as major shortcomings. The significance of COP28 is inexplicable, for the sheer amount of importance attached, especially at a time like this where climate catastrophes have plagued almost the entire world. The amount of urgency attached was immense, particularly at a time when the world is at a crossroads of climate inaction and apathy. Here, the role of the young climate warriors and activists was absolutely vital, for, like every COP, it is the youth who accurately is, and would in the future, be the most impacted community because of the climate ills.
Among the purple patches that have dotted the COP28 in Dubai, some ambitious commitments were more than welcome, with the participating countries committing to reduce carbon emissions. Some specific targets and initiatives were aimed at achieving sustainability, along with emphasis on renewable energy solutions and the subsequent promotion of clean energy sources. Collaborative efforts among nations to tackle climate change and the importance of unity in addressing global crisis cannot be underscored. Incorporation of adaptive measures to safeguard communities, particularly those impacted by climate change the most in vulnerable regions was the need of the hour, but there was not much food for thought either herewith, either by the world leaders, or the stakeholders.
There were some major misses that have cast a shadow over the conference’s overall impact. There was particularly no mention of the ‘phasing out’ terminology, a critical part of safeguarding climate commitments in the realm. The lack of legally binding agreements left a majority of the stakeholders skeptical about the enforceability of the announced commitments. The conference’s outcomes, through voluntary pledges were severely insignificant and insufficient. Financial commitments, towards the marginalized communities, the indigenous population, the small island developing states, etc. were dismal in nature. The developing and under-developed nations, yet again, were at the receiving end- not just of the climate issues, but also of the bleak financial commitments. This would have serious repercussions on the ability of vulnerable regions to sufficiently mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Moreover, the conference was well short in fully incorporating the diverse voices that are very much critical to crafting effective policies of climate action. The steps taken at COP28 were all but a pale shadow, with little mention and association of the indigenous communities, non-governmental organizations, the marginalized groups, etc. What also went down the drain was the opportunity of facilitating the transfer of clean technology from developed to developing nations, putting a huge question mark over the progress in the quest to marrow the technology gap, as far as global climate action is concerned. There was little takeaway, when it came to the domains of climate financing, climate adaptation, mitigation, etc. This could have been the perfect opportunity for the world to come together and plug the gaps in climate action persisting, because the world is suffering climate ills more than ever before. The 2030 Agenda, which was slow off the blocks, got further overlooked and backlogged due to the pandemic.
Young leaders from across the world came about in huge numbers and rallied for substantive climate action, with the success of the Global Youth Statement. The world needs the youth of today to stand and speak up for climate action, because the question arises as to, “if not now, then, when?” The NGOs and young climate activists played a crucial role in holding governments accountable and pushing for more accountable and effective climate policies, with also a focus on just transition. The youth also was detrimental to the negotiation framework, although little was the impact on the world leaders and the stakeholders involved. The undue influence of lobbyists and certain industries acted as impediments in the formulation of stringent policies and frameworks. The threats to the immediate climate issues, such as deforestation, melting of ice caps, pollution, loss of biodiversity, oil spills, etc. were given a step-motherly treatment. The countries, who were the primary contributors to carbon emissions, unfortunately, did not make commitments proportionate to mitigate their impact. The burden, as always, fell on to the shoulders of the developing and under-developed world, the Global South, particularly the indigenous and displaced communities.
There have been reports with full proof claiming that the COP28 President, Sultan Al Jaber was willing to raise oil and gas commercial interests during the meetings with foreign governments. His Presidency itself remains controversial as he fills the boots of being the Chief Executive Officer of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, one of the largest oil producers across the world. This paradox and the whistleblower’s reports, published by the BBC, reflect the vested interests at play at the COP28 in UAE. Although COP28 broke records for the sheer number of people attending it, it hardly translated to anything substantial or path breaking, considering the tottering dilemma of the climate issues.
Although the challenges clearly outweighed the successes at the COP this year, it is imperative to recognize all that transpired to build upon areas for improvement. The battle continues, certainly, where humans are their own enemies and climate talks and negotiations have all but been sadly reduced to mere protocoled lunches and media statements. After all, only if there is a walk after the talk, does any talk get importance. Here’s to a more sustainable and resilient future, nonetheless. Hope, as they say, lives on always!

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